Launching

[00:00:01]Howdy yall [00:00:02]Welcome back. [00:00:02]Welcome back. [00:00:03]So it's time to start with a clean slate [00:00:06]I got a new chalkboard. Yay!

[00:00:09]So starting with a clean slate [00:00:12]I say “rebooting” in the sense of [00:00:16]it clears the cache, [00:00:21]And so it's important [00:00:24]doing the same thing, right?

[00:00:26]Clear out the distractions. [00:00:28]Close your other browser windows. Put your phone away. [00:00:32]Get a pencil paper in your hand [00:00:35]So rebooting our minds, [00:00:38]So rebooting our minds,

[00:00:41]Right now. [00:00:42]So first thing I mentioned the other day, [00:00:47]So let's think about this phrase, [00:00:49]We're going to in a minute, [00:00:51]to this word philosophical

[00:00:54]But let's first, [00:00:56]So the word quest [00:00:57]in English comes from the Latin "quaerens." [00:01:00]Now "quaerens " is a word that has a much [00:01:04]What else do you see in this word, “quaerens”?

[00:01:07]What other words? [00:01:08]English words come to mind when you think of that word? “quaerens” [00:01:13]So it's definitely where we get the word quest [00:01:17]Questions. Right. It's exactly where we get the word “question.” [00:01:21]“Inquiry” is “questioning” - right?

[00:01:23]Questioning our own understanding, questioning ourselves, [00:01:31]presuppositions, questioning everything right, questioning [00:01:37]questioning the limitations of our knowledge, [00:01:41]And knowing that he doesn't know that sort of thing. [00:01:44]So questioning, questioning ourselves, questioning,

[00:01:49]So this quest is a journey that involves constant questioning, [00:01:56]And our assumptions and those sort of things. [00:02:01]questioning “IN” questioning ourselves, questioning [00:02:08]So an inquiry. [00:02:09]In fact, we even have the

[00:02:10]word quest in the word questioning, right? [00:02:13]So it's a journey of questioning, it's. [00:02:15]How we quest. [00:02:16]So we have some goal in mind. [00:02:18]We have something that we're seeking.

[00:02:19]And then we began to question [00:02:23]So philosophy begins with a certain [00:02:28]you know, the world that we see [00:02:31]understanding of this world, [00:02:35]and our interpretation

[00:02:38]Asking questions like, [00:02:40]Am I seeing? [00:02:46]If your kid comes home, you know, [00:02:48]and you go, then you want to ask questions [00:02:51]Was this your fault?

[00:02:53]Did you get caught up with some...” Right? [00:02:54]You want to ask questions. [00:02:55]You want a whole sense, like, [00:02:58]Let me see [00:03:00]So that's a kind of questioning.

[00:03:03]To find out the facts. Right? [00:03:04]So philosophy is a quest of asking [00:03:10]But the kind of questions. [00:03:12]May also be, [00:03:15]like, am I seeing everything my seeing?

[00:03:17]Do I have all the information? [00:03:19]Am I seeing things in the right way? [00:03:21]But also maybe asking questions. [00:03:24]About ourselves, [00:03:26]Who am I? When?

[00:03:30]One may also think of “quaerens” in this sort of [00:03:36]So not just a quest, but a questing. [00:03:41]What is a “quest?” [00:03:42]What makes something a “Quest”? What is it? [00:03:44]So it's it's something with a goal, right?

[00:03:46]In order to have a quest, [00:03:51]Yeah, I think that's definitely true. Right. [00:03:52]What else? [00:03:54]So a journey, some kind of journey - and that hero's [00:04:02]So they're driven by some goal and they go on some journey.

[00:04:07]And that journey usually involves [00:04:10]challenges, difficulties, obstacles, all sorts of trials. [00:04:14]Right. [00:04:15]And throughout that, they begin to learn about themselves, right? [00:04:19]And learn about the world

[00:04:25]I mean, the hero's quest is... [00:04:29]or the hero's journey is that sort of becoming that hero, right? [00:04:34]They're finding out who they are [00:04:38]And it begins with some sort of initiation, [00:04:44]So you've got to kind of like launch or lift anchor, right?

[00:04:49]Sort of detach right. [00:04:51]Go from where you are, leave where you are, [00:04:58]“Anchor” is something [00:05:03]Anchor me! Anchor me! [00:05:04]Maybe I'll even get better at drawing an anchor.

[00:05:06]So, a “quest” is some sort of journey [00:05:11]And through that journey, you discover yourself [00:05:16]And that kind of stuff is driven by some particular goal. [00:05:19]So if this is going to be a quest, [00:05:23]So if it's a philosophical quest, then what is the goal?

[00:05:27]It's a particular kind of quest. [00:05:28]It's a quest with particular goals. [00:05:32]So what is the goal of philosophy? What is the goal [00:05:41]So “quaerens” is also kind of... a seeking, a questioning, a journey. A “quest” of QUESTioning. [00:05:48]Which has a particular goal.

[00:05:51]What is the goal of philosophy? [00:05:57]the short answer, I guess, would be [00:06:01]So it's a quest for wisdom. [00:06:03]But there’s something more particular that philosophers may [00:06:11]The quest for the real, but philosophers

[00:06:13]tend to I mean... [00:06:17]What do we mean by the word real? What is “real”? [00:06:24]So we're going to come back to that [00:06:26]The short answer is what is real is: [00:06:31]Truth is always true.

[00:06:33]So what are those truths [00:06:37]And as we'll see in a moment, [00:06:41]is both simple and very complex. [00:06:43]So we'll come back to that. [00:06:45]Let's now

[00:06:48]What is the word philosophical? [00:06:49]What is the act of philosophy? [00:06:52]What does it mean “TO DO philosophy”? [00:06:54]What's the difference between doing [00:06:58]So let's ask that next.

[00:07:00]The word philosophy has two components: “philos” and “sophia” [00:07:03]Um, comes from this, from the Greek components, Philos and Sophia. [00:07:04]Do we know what Philos means? Sophia [00:07:06]Do we know what Philos means? Sophia [00:07:07]So philos means love.

[00:07:10]Um, like the city of Philadelphia... [00:07:12]Delphi is brother. So the city of Brotherly Love. [00:07:19]Um, so “philos” means “love” and “sophia” means “wisdom” [00:07:23]The philosophy is the love of wisdom, [00:07:26]As Socrates points out, it's

[00:07:29]From love. The relationship between. [00:07:32]Love and wisdom and thinking about [00:07:35]And the more you ask these questions, [00:07:38]with the pursuit of wisdom. [00:07:40]So philosophy is a kind of quest, a journey, a never-ending journey

[00:07:45]The goal is always somewhat out of reach. [00:07:48]We're trying to come closer and closer [00:07:50]to the truth [00:07:52]The lover of wisdom is [00:07:55]If you love a person, you don't possess that person, right?

[00:08:01]You give that person autonomy, right? [00:08:03]To love someone to love something is to set them free, right? [00:08:07]To allow them to be themselves and allow them to be free. [00:08:11]So, Socrates said that the lover of wisdom [00:08:18]How did Socrates die? Anybody know how Socrates died?

[00:08:21]Yeah. By the government. Yup. [00:08:23]He was executed. He was executed by the government. [00:08:26]So murdered by the government. Yeah. [00:08:28]And you're forced to take hemlock poisoned to drink poison. [00:08:31]Um, and at his trial,

[00:08:31]Um, and at his trial, [00:08:32]he was asked, “Are you wiser than other people?” [00:08:37]It was kind of a trick question. They said: [00:08:40]“The oracle of Delphi said that you're wiser than other people. [00:08:44]And if he said yes, then he's like insulting all of his jurors. Right.

[00:08:48]And all the people on the jury. [00:08:49]“I’m smarter than you” [00:08:51]And if he says “no,” then he's committing blasphemy, [00:08:57]So trick question and his answer being pretty smart, pretty wise. [00:09:02]He says that if I am wiser than other people, it's

[00:09:08]Right? I know the limits of my own knowledge. [00:09:12]So if I'm wiser than other people, it's because I know my own ignorance. [00:09:16]We'll look at that passage in [00:09:17]We'll look at that passage in [00:09:18]Plato's Phaedrus dialog later in the semester,

[00:09:20]where he says where he says: [00:09:21]I know my own ignorance. [00:09:22]I'm like an empty jar filled with the, you know, voices [00:09:30]But I'm so foolish that I've forgotten where [00:09:34]So these the best ideas always come from outside.

[00:09:37]So he's so the lover of wisdom is not the possessor of wisdom. [00:09:41]So he's so the lover of wisdom is not the possessor of wisdom. [00:09:42]So what's the difference between wisdom and knowledge? [00:09:56]Anybody wanna give it a shot? [00:10:01]Yeah. There's a difference between wisdom and knowledge, right?

[00:10:04]Goods analogy can get from reading and wisdom is more spiritual. [00:10:09]Yeah, but that somebody else [00:10:12]Concrete facts, data, information, right? That kind of stuff. [00:10:16]I think most people think of knowledge that way. [00:10:29]Have you ever heard the old saying “Knowledge is knowing that a

[00:10:37]Knowledge is knowing that tomato is a fruit. [00:10:40]But wisdom, where does where do we think about wisdom coming from? [00:10:43]So yeah, we think about knowledge [00:10:46]But I know some pretty old people that aren't very wise, right? [00:10:50]I know some pretty young people who are pretty wise. Right.

[00:10:53]So yeah, I mean, we often associate wisdom with age, [00:10:59]So what's the difference? [00:11:00]What is that wisdom that often comes with age but not always? [00:11:06]What about experience? [00:11:07]Think there's some connection between knowledge

[00:11:11]Like when you go through something? [00:11:13]I mean, what about the wisdom of love? [00:11:16]How does someone become wise about love? [00:11:18]Now, what I want to do now is distinguish [00:11:20]between philosophy as this quest,

[00:11:24]that's always in pursuit of its goal [00:11:28]But nevertheless, [00:11:31]What's different between that [00:11:36]What's different between that [00:11:38]So philosophy-ology

[00:11:42]the study of the love of wisdom. [00:11:46]So the “wisdom of love” and the “love of wisdom,” [00:11:50]It's the studying of it. [00:11:52]So what is this person love about wisdom? [00:11:55]But if you're.

[00:11:55]Going to study “Love,” [00:11:59]STUDYING “love” is different than [00:12:03]Right? [00:12:03]I mean, if you don't know what love is, [00:12:08]and you go and you look it up in the dictionary,

[00:12:10]would there be a definition entry of love in the dictionary? [00:12:13]Yeah? Does that tell you what love is? [00:12:19]and you go and you look it up in the dictionary, [00:12:24]Love is not something [00:12:26]Love is something that you feel like.

[00:12:29]Likewise, the love of. [00:12:30]Wisdom [00:12:32]It's not something you can't. [00:12:33]You can study [00:12:37]You can study the knowledge of others.

[00:12:39]That's [00:12:42]So the STUDY of philosophy is different [00:12:47]So I put it over here on the side so [00:12:50]between philo-sophy-ology, [00:12:54]although we'll do a little bit of it,

[00:12:57]It's helpful to hear what Socrates and helpful to hear what Plato and these other thinkers have thought, [00:13:05]and their love of wisdom comes through in their writings and thoughts, [00:13:09]and so we want to get a taste of that. [00:13:11]Philosophy entails a certain amount of philosophy-ology: [00:13:19]But that's different than the doing of philosophy

[00:13:22]So what is the doing of philosophy? [00:13:24]So, next I'm going to give you a [00:13:26]definition of philosophy. [00:13:28]This absolutely would be an exam question, [00:13:31]The answer that we're using for

[00:13:35]the Socrates gave, which is that [00:13:39]It's a kind of dialog. [00:13:42]It's a conversation, right? [00:13:44]Discussions that we have for [00:13:45]Socrates said that we can't WRITE philosophy...

[00:13:48]Philosophy cannot be written down [00:13:51]distorted and perverted [00:13:57][Socrates said] that philosophy can only happen [00:13:59]through dialog, which is part of [00:14:03]He described writing

[00:14:05]as masturbating on the page, [00:14:06]As masturbating on the page, [00:14:12]When where these seeds of knowledge [00:14:13]and the seeds of wisdom need to be [00:14:17]So those philosophical seeds belong in minds, right?

[00:14:22]So these seeds of wisdom get planted in different human minds, and [00:14:28]So philosophy [00:14:32]and so philosophical [00:14:35]It's a kind of speech. [00:14:37]It's a kind of discussion

[00:14:43]It requires more than one person. [00:14:46]So philosophy is a discourse. [00:14:47]So how do I teach philosophy [00:14:51]Well, I can't in some sense, right? [00:14:53]I'm just doing.

[00:14:54]Philosophy ology [00:14:58]I'm also maybe giving some instructions [00:15:02]Plato always wrote dialogs, [00:15:07]And those dialogs, they're like plays, right? [00:15:11]There's even blocking

[00:15:32]So they’re plays, they’re performances and they’re dialogs, [00:15:40]Socrates is kind of a main character in Plato's dialogs. [00:15:44]That's how we know what he said. Right. [00:15:47]But Plato didn't write it like “Socrates said this.” [00:15:50]He wrote it his little plays, right. Little performances,

[00:15:55]So, Philosophy is a mode of discourse. [00:15:58]So this is my thesis statement for the semester. [00:16:09]It's a mode of discourse that has a particular goal. [00:16:13]Right. Some sort of. [00:16:15]Yeah, has a particular goal. Has a particular purpose.

[00:16:19]So philosophy is a mode of discourse [00:16:21]for the sake of [00:16:22]which is a fancy way of saying like the, the goal. [00:16:25]Right, for the sake of training the intellect. [00:16:30]What is the intellect?

[00:16:32]Yes. It's the part of the human person that makes decisions. Right. [00:16:35]It doesn't just help you make decisions. [00:16:39]So training the intellect means training that part of you [00:16:44]Right. Pretty useful. Handy thing. Right? [00:16:46]So we can gain wisdom through experience, but we can also gain wisdom

[00:16:52]By listening to others. So philosophy is a mode of discourse [00:16:58]How? By cultivating [00:17:01]cultivating - if you’re cultivating something, [00:17:04]you're giving it all the nutrients and everything that it needs, right? [00:17:07]And allowing it to grow and be itself.

[00:17:12]So philosophy is a mode of discourse for the sake of training, intellect [00:17:19]Desire always, always requires an object... [00:17:26]So - a Desire FOR what?? [00:17:37]By cultivating a desire for wisdom and truth and justice [00:17:43]And HOW does it do that?

[00:17:48]And when you write that in your notes, please capitalize that “S” [00:17:52]So back to what he was saying earlier about that [00:17:58]So that spirit, so that spirit of wisdom or that spirit of [00:18:05]That kind of like comes into us or that inSpires us [00:18:12]We're inspired by Nature or Landscape.

[00:18:19]And those inspirations, those things that inspire us, can plant [00:18:30]which then can help us to make decisions [00:18:36]And we gain those through discourse. Cool? [00:18:39]So definitely on the final exam, you can expect me to ask it, [00:18:46]So anyway,

[00:18:47]the takeaway, then, is [00:18:50]that has to be done through discourse, [00:18:54]So the videos that I'm giving you here [00:18:57]Are just setting you. Up to do philosophy. [00:19:00]Now we're doing the “philosophy-ology”

[00:19:03]But in your podcast. [00:19:04]Discussions and discussions with me, [00:19:09]rights, the dialog, [00:19:12]Across the space that divides us, right? [00:19:15]So those words that come from my mind

[00:19:18]those seeds of knowledge, they get planted [00:19:22]but instead in the minds of the listener [00:19:25]Then they take root there. [00:19:27]And if they grow there, if these ideas [00:19:31]then they're going to be different

[00:19:34]That's the whole point. [00:19:35]This is why [00:19:36]Wisdom, because wisdom is with [00:19:36]can never become the possessor of wisdom, [00:19:40]It's one of those things where, like.

[00:19:43]Let's contrast that to economics, [00:19:50]So if I have this chalk, well, [00:19:52]If I give you this chalk, then [00:19:56]If I give you my money, [00:19:59]because you got the money.

[00:20:01]because you got the money. [00:20:03]Give it. [00:20:04]You got it. I don't have it any more. [00:20:06]Knowledge and wisdom are different, [00:20:09]Because I can give you the knowledge that I have

[00:20:14]but then I still have it! [00:20:20]So in that sense, by sharing this wisdom, the wisdom grows. [00:20:24]And it's not just that the wisdom grows, [00:20:28]these seeds of knowledge or wisdom from my head, [00:20:33]in the same way

[00:20:36]it takes the nutrients from the soil - the energy, and the [00:20:41]nutrients in the water [00:20:45]And those go into making that plant or whatever it is that’s growing. [00:20:50]It’s a product of the environment. [00:20:52]So it becomes different

[00:20:57]but now it's the seed [00:21:01]the nutrients in the soil [00:21:02]and the energy and the resources around it [00:21:06]plants and animals [00:21:10]The worms that that

[00:21:13]and decompose [00:21:18]Likewise, wisdom, right, wisdom, [00:21:21]in the mind of another person, it grows [00:21:24]So then in your podcast discussions, [00:21:28]that we're doing, the work that I'm giving

[00:21:32]The study of philosophy. [00:21:33]But in your podcasts. [00:21:35]That philosophy-ology [00:21:37]because then it becomes live, [00:21:40]So then you can share what's in your head

[00:21:47]expressing how you've understood these topics [00:21:52]than the way that I've understood it, [00:21:57]So you come from differing backgrounds. [00:21:59]So that's part of why it's important [00:22:01]our perspectival starting point.

[00:22:02]But that's phenomenology, [00:22:05]But nevertheless, [00:22:07]So that it's a sense of what [00:22:10]The doing of philosophy [00:22:13]through dialog, whereas the philosophy-ology,

[00:22:19]which is what these video lectures are, [00:22:25]practice or the DOING of philosophy in the same way that [00:22:32]which, of course, is the word “philos” : love, the love of Wisdom [00:22:40]So it's this love, this. [00:22:42]Desire for wisdom and this love and

[00:22:47]comes from those around us [00:22:55]And this quest for truth is also a quest for what is “Real.” [00:22:59]And so let's take a moment now and [00:23:04]And begin to think about: [00:23:07]What do we mean by the word “Real”?

[00:23:50]OK, so let's get real. [00:23:52]What does “real” mean? So “real” is a word [00:23:57]perhaps in a more technical [00:24:02]than a lot of other people [00:24:07]The word “real” means something slightly different and more narrow in philosophy than we use it [in other contexts].

[00:24:12]And it was, of course, [00:24:15]It has a lot of relevance [00:24:16]to what we understand by the word reality [00:24:23]But philosophers are always in the pursuit of the quest. [00:24:27]The goal of philosophy is to understand

[00:24:31]And “real,” then, needs to have a particular, narrow, small definition [00:24:37]What do we mean by “real”? [00:24:39]Different philosophers. [00:24:39]May look at different things and say, [00:24:42]or this is real,

[00:24:44]the word real in a, [00:24:48]So what do we mean by the word “real”? [00:24:50]Philosophers use the word “real” to mean [00:24:57]That which is always true. [00:25:03]Truth is always true.

[00:25:05]Truth is always true. [00:25:06]It should be true in every context, right? [00:25:09]If it's true sometimes, but not true [00:25:13]If it's real sometimes, but not real [00:25:17]Right. So what is it?

[00:25:18]So real means that which is unchanging. [00:25:23]“Real” means that which is UN-changing, [00:25:29]that which is ALWAYS the case, right? [00:25:33]So what? [00:25:33]So let's think about it

[00:25:37]and think about it with the context of one particular question, [00:25:40]A particular question that we'll be asking a lot this semester: [00:25:43]What does it mean when we say: [00:25:47]Who am I? [00:25:50]I don't mean this in the most narrow

[00:25:53]You already know a bit about who I am. [00:25:56]But let's think about that [00:25:59]Who am I, really? [00:26:01]So if we use the word real to mean that [00:26:05]then we have to think about we have to.

[00:26:06]Admit the fact that our identities. [00:26:12]Our "I"-dentity, the way that we define "I" [00:26:16]this word "I" varies over time and varies [00:26:21]For example, I whoever I am right now. [00:26:26]Is it different?

[00:26:27]I am a different person than I was [00:26:30]before this whole COVID thing [00:26:33]I take a lot of us are we understand [00:26:38]we understand things differently [00:26:42]So who am I?

[00:26:44]I am a different person now than I was [00:26:47]before COVID, but I'm also the same person [00:26:51]So then the question of identity. [00:26:54]The question of who am I really? [00:26:56]Who is the real?

[00:26:57]I just have, all of a sudden, Eminem [00:27:02]Yes, I'm the real shady. All the other [00:27:05]So won't the real Slim [00:27:07]So who is the real Slim Shady? [00:27:09]Who am I? Who is this?

[00:27:12]That's always there. [00:27:13]That's always unchanging the same “I” [00:27:18]In the same “I” that “I” used before COVID. [00:27:21]19, when I understood myself differently. [00:27:24]But I was still this "I," wasn't I? Wasn't there a "Real I"

[00:27:27]that's unchanging? [00:27:29]What about, you know, [00:27:33]in India many years ago [00:27:37]I was a different person [00:27:41]Have becoming a dad changed who I am.

[00:27:44]Becoming a dad then changed my identity [00:27:47]because then I had this new identity [00:27:52]which is different than the identity [00:27:55]So that identity changed who I am [00:27:59]So again, it's not.

[00:28:01]In that sense, identity seems. [00:28:03]To be very changing, [00:28:09]The changing of this “I” before kids, [00:28:18]Or we could go even further back that I [00:28:22]I, that I was when I was in college, that

[00:28:27]And on [00:28:31]I still am the same person that I was when I was ten, [00:28:36]has gone through a lot of changes, [00:28:40]to even wrap our heads around, right? [00:28:42]Our bodies are somewhat the same,

[00:28:46]the cells of our bodies change. [00:28:48]Our skin [00:28:49]dies and falls off all the time. [00:28:52]So our skin, [00:28:55]The cells of our hair is changing.

[00:28:57]The cells of our bodies are changing. [00:28:59]We eat, we poop, we urinate. [00:29:03]And the cells and the chemicals of our body changes over time. [00:29:08]There seems to be a lot of change to this question of “who am I?” [00:29:14]So then the question of:

[00:29:16]Who am I REALLY - in a way that doesn't change becomes a much more difficult philosophical question. [00:29:22]I forgot who I am. Who am I? [00:29:24]The point of it is, though, [00:29:26]real, we're talking about [00:29:29]So who am I may take into account

[00:29:36]but the philosophical quest [00:29:39]real, like, Who am I all the time? Am I? [00:29:43]Is there any aspect of "I" that is the [00:29:46]same in every context, at every age? [00:29:50]Am "I" the same person that I was when I

[00:29:52]was ten minutes old? Because "I" seem [00:29:55]very different to myself, you know? [00:29:57]I didn't understand myself [00:30:01]I didn't understand anything. [00:30:02]Much at all.

[00:30:03]When I was ten, [00:30:06]The point of this is just to get a sense of like: [00:30:10]How will we be using the word “Real” in this course? [00:30:14]It's the pursuit of that which does not change. [00:30:17]The truth that is true in every context, the truth that is always true,

[00:30:24]And if that's the case, if I'm giving you truth that is always true, [00:30:28]then you should be able to look back [00:30:31]Right? [00:30:32]is the love of wisdom, and wisdom [00:30:37]So if this truth is always.

[00:30:38]True, [00:30:39]then we should be [00:30:40]able to look back on our own experiences [00:30:45]Oh yeah, that's true. [00:30:46]Here's an example from my life

[00:30:48]or I don't seem to be true [00:30:52]or I don't seem to be true [00:30:55]that contradicts at least [00:30:59]Which can either mean that the truth is [00:31:04]Or it could mean that we're not quite

[00:31:07]way, that it's meant right or [00:31:12]And a lot of that comes through discourse. [00:31:14]And that's why [00:31:17]So if I give you a truth [00:31:23]then you should be skeptical of that

[00:31:27]That QUESTioning -- [00:31:33]through our dialog - or our “piercing words,” [00:31:38]so that we can share these ideas [00:31:43]With one another, [00:31:46]“Unchanging reality”

[00:31:49]So that we can then apply that [00:31:55]So all of that brings us to the next topic, [00:31:59]which is again asking this question [00:32:02]What is the doing of philosophy [00:32:07]But really kind of getting us closer

[00:32:09]That we really want to ask [00:32:12]which is how does philosophy help us [00:32:17]If that's why, if that's your motivation, [00:32:19]I want to learn philosophy because [00:32:22]Then the question is: How?

[00:32:24]And HOW, exactly, does that work? [00:32:27]How does philosophy (both studying philosophy and DOING philosophy) [00:32:30]How does it help us [00:32:36]And for that, we're going [00:32:40]and his definition of philosophy

[00:33:16]So Socrates [00:33:17]was a great philosopher, [00:33:21]we don't need to worry [00:33:23]but in that time frame, [00:33:27]Ago or so, the bit longer than that and.

[00:33:30]Socrates, the great philosopher [00:33:33]as I've already mentioned a few times [00:33:35]as a mode of discourse, [00:33:40]And he understood that mode of discourse that [00:33:47]and a particular effect on the people who are engaged

[00:33:52]So what is that effect? [00:33:53]What effect does philosophy do or what? [00:34:00]What effect does philosophy have? [00:34:02]What does it do to our minds? [00:34:04]And Socrates’ answer to that was:

[00:34:06]as a mode of discourse [00:34:12]Not that you should study this for the exam, [00:34:15]So what is the goal - what's the goal of philosophy? [00:34:17]So what is the goal or yeah, what's the goal of philosophy? [00:34:18]The goal is: Training the intellect.

[00:34:25]A simpler way to say all of this is that the goal of philosophy is to help you make better decisions [00:34:31]Today's Chapter one is trying to understand the relationship [00:34:37]What does philosophy have to do with making decisions? [00:34:40]How does it help us to make better decisions? [00:34:41]And the way that Socrates described

[00:34:44]Now training, [00:34:47]Plato's Allegory of the Chariot, [00:34:56]in this text that we'll look at later in the semester, [00:35:04]and in the Phaedrus dialog, he uses the example of sort of [00:35:11]Like if you got two horses and you're

[00:35:14]A chariot driver, then you know [00:35:18]And what if one horse is really good [00:35:19]and really disciplined, [00:35:22]and not disciplined at all, [00:35:24]listen to you and just does

[00:35:27]Then, like, [00:35:29]you know, chariot driving in that case, says Socrates, [00:35:34]Because you're like trying to control [00:35:38]but the horse wants to go over there [00:35:40]a beautiful mare over there or something,

[00:35:43]some good hay or something to eat, [00:35:48]So how do you train the intellect, right? [00:35:51]So he understands the intellect [00:35:55]The one that. Makes the decisions [00:35:57]Trying to do this, but isn't always in

[00:36:01]So how does it make decisions? [00:36:03]Well, it's pulled the chariot is pulled in these two directions. Right. [00:36:08]And the charioteer is the intellect [00:36:10]which has to control these two horses or steer these two horses [00:36:15]And these two horses -

[00:36:18]But these two horses represent [00:36:19]Logic and desire (Eros). [00:36:23]Sometimes we sometimes [00:36:27]We can reasoned through and say, [00:36:29]I want this and everything is groovy.

[00:36:32]And then you make that decision. [00:36:33]You feel good about it. [00:36:34]Other times, you're like: I really WANT pizza. [00:36:39]me, but I want pizza, [00:36:43]So sometimes that horse of desire

[00:36:48]So this is why Socrates says [00:36:51]A practice like having, [00:36:58]To say, if you're in a situation, [00:37:02]and you never thought [00:37:03]about that situation before,

[00:37:07]Then you're you're in a state of anxiety [00:37:10]well, should I do this or this or this? [00:37:13]I don't know what to do, which is what [00:37:21]But if you've thought about it before, [00:37:23]then that thinking about it before,

[00:37:26]where the situation is, [00:37:30]It's not exactly like you thought about it [00:37:32]But nevertheless it's like, [00:37:34]All right, I've thought through situations [00:37:36]I have experiences

[00:37:40]Therefore, [00:37:42]and know, All right, well, [00:37:44]it's probably going to turn out [00:37:46]and last time I didn't turn out so good. [00:37:48]So let me make a different decision

[00:37:50]or: Last time, I made this decision and it turned out awesome! [00:37:54]So that's what wisdom is the know [00:37:59]And Socrates [00:38:01]Discussions around philosophy [00:38:03]discussing is how to make good decisions.

[00:38:07]And the more you talk about [00:38:10]Sort of a way of preparing for the future. [00:38:12]Right? Like, all right. [00:38:13]I’ve THOUGHT about this situation before [00:38:18]And so I've already thought

[00:38:23]now that I'm in the situation, [00:38:25]that I haven't considered, but, [00:38:27]nevertheless, that experience of thinking [00:38:31]Discourse helps us to train the intellect [00:38:35]so that we can have more control over that

[00:38:39]is one way to thinking of it right? [00:38:41]And or strengthen that horse of logic [00:38:44]It can help [00:38:47]So that we can think more clearly [00:38:50]So training the intellect means training that part of you

[00:38:54]So philosophy, as Socrates describes it, is a mode of DisCourse [00:38:58]It has to be done through dialog [00:39:04]And then somebody else says, Well, let's [00:39:06]And then somebody else says, Well, let's [00:39:08]Let's think about it from this angle,

[00:39:11]And this is different than my experiences [00:39:19]And then, [00:39:20]Through those discourses... the [00:39:23]we have, helps us to train the intellect [00:39:28]and having more control

[00:39:33]and "Not-A" between [00:39:36]or the options and the pros and the cons [00:39:39]So philosophy is a mode of discourse [00:39:43]It's a process of training, [00:39:45]to keep in mind that training aspect

[00:39:48]that Socrates, [00:39:53]if you will, of the chariot, [00:39:57]straining. [00:39:59]Right? A training that takes place [00:40:02]Sort of fighting with these two horses,

[00:40:06]Desire. [00:40:06]And through that sort. [00:40:08]Of struggle, we strengthen those muscles [00:40:12]I really want this, [00:40:15]my ability to make a decision and say,

[00:40:19]It’s not the best thing to do, so I'm going to, [00:40:24]making over in this other on this [00:40:30]So we have these competing desires, right? Desire and Logic. [00:40:37]Okay, here's something that I really should do and I'm really excited. [00:40:42]That ever happened? Yeah?

[00:40:44]So when that happens, that's good, right? [00:40:48]Then you make that you're far more likely to make that decision, right? [00:40:51]Sometimes our desire pulls us one way and logic pulls us the other. [00:40:55]Sometimes they're both pulling in the same direction. Right. [00:40:58]And so this is what Socrates said. He said that ...

[00:41:00]It happens... It does happen where you have a desire for one thing, [00:41:10]And it sometimes very rarely happens [00:41:18]You know that's the right thing that you're [00:41:24]The charioteer listens to that horse of logic, Socrates says. [00:41:28]But that doesn't happen very much, right? Most of the time.

[00:41:32]Most of the time we follow our desires, right? [00:41:35]Let's let's unpack this allegory a little bit more. [00:41:39]So if philosophy is a mode of discourse for the sake of [00:41:46]and we make decisions based on LOGIC and DESIRE [00:41:49]Is this true?

[00:41:55]So then if this is the case and you want to make better decisions, [00:42:04]What are those two basic options? [00:42:09]So Socrates said basically, um, this horse, [00:42:14]Socrates said, it's just really super strong. [00:42:16]Really super strong. It's way strong, it's strong.

[00:42:19]It starts I mean, it starts from birth. It's very strong. It's [00:42:24]It's always very, very strong. This other horse, right? [00:42:29]We kind of like have to train this horse. Right? [00:42:35]So if you so if this horse is stronger, right, just naturally [00:42:42]and this horse is weaker, but this horse listens.

[00:42:50]This man listens really well. [00:42:52]Right? Don't go that way. It goes that way. Never, never hesitates. [00:42:57]And it's like I heard him maybe, you know, [00:43:00]And it's like I heard him maybe, you know, [00:43:04]I'm drawn that way.

[00:43:05]And so, you know, the horse of logic, you tell you make a decision [00:43:11]let's go to class. And then the horse of desire is like, but [00:43:17]So then what are the options? [00:43:20]so you could just follow your desires, right? [00:43:25]So trying to cut that desire loose. Get rid of that desire.

[00:43:28]That's a philosophy. That's a common philosophy. [00:43:31]It's stoicism, right? Getting rid of that desire [00:43:36]Just get rid of this horse. [00:43:37]Leave it home. [00:43:38]Right. Like you're saying,

[00:43:43]That's stoicism, actually. [00:43:45]But that's not Socrates’ solution... [00:43:48]So I guess there's three main options: [00:43:56]But it's also like it's way strong. Right? [00:43:59]Why would you want to leave your strongest horse at home?

[00:44:02]what's some other options? [00:44:04]Line up your desires with your logic. [00:44:06]Exactly right. [00:44:07]So if you can reorient to your desire, right? [00:44:12]If I can reorient my desire

[00:44:17]so that what I want, like I was saying, right, sometimes like you [00:44:21]we're not saying but nodding to right. [00:44:23]Sometimes like my logic and my desire line up, right? [00:44:27]So if I can logically reason, okay, this is what I should do [00:44:36]my desire, the object of my desire, right then I've got this horse

[00:44:43]Listen, it's a good horse, right? [00:44:47]But you don't want to like put this horse out to pasture. [00:44:50]Instead, you want to strengthen it by or I mean, you don't need to [00:44:58]So by what was the definition [00:45:11]By cultivating a desire for those higher

[00:45:18]so that you can right with logically, [00:45:25]But if we reorient our desire, cultivate a desire by reorienting [00:45:33]Right? [00:45:34]There's one other way. [00:45:38]That's the main way we want to talk about what's the other way.

[00:45:41]What if you strengthen your logic? [00:45:44]You got these two horses, this one super strong. [00:45:48]But this one minds really well. [00:45:50]So if you strengthen your logic, right, beef it up, make it stronger, [00:45:59]Right. So you're not getting rid of desire.

[00:46:05]But instead of you're trying to make logic stronger [00:46:09]So that they're both stronger. [00:46:11]So philosophy is a mode of discourse, [00:46:14]in pursuits or for this quest. [00:46:16]For the real that which is unchanging,

[00:46:20]so that we can find out what is always. [00:46:22]True and then use these truths [00:46:26]Better. [00:46:27]We are able to think through. [00:46:28]Those things in advance

[00:46:30]by questioning our own understanding, [00:46:34]Listening to our neighbors [00:46:36]and listening to the experts [00:46:40]helps us to think through the issues [00:46:44]So that we can make.

[00:46:45]Better decisions, which is a process [00:46:48]So that when we were actually in those. [00:46:49]Situations. [00:46:51]Then we've already kind of. Thought [00:46:54]And more importantly, we've kind of built

[00:46:58]So even if we're in a situation [00:47:01]in a situation of facts and things that [00:47:05]“I never could have foreseen this” [00:47:08]Nevertheless, that those experiences [00:47:11]that I've had of thinking carefully,

[00:47:15]Confidently then gives me the confidence [00:47:18]to make a good decision in that situation [00:47:24]So this is how this is part [00:47:27]helps us to make good decisions. [00:47:29]Now, with all of that in mind,

[00:47:30]I want to take another quick break, [00:47:33]I want to take another quick break, [00:47:36]I want to take another quick break, [00:47:37]Shift to the course as a whole [00:47:41]that we're going to be doing.

[00:47:42]So you can get a sense of [00:47:46]All these little details [00:47:49]and there and get a sense of [00:47:52]philosophical [00:47:55]Or questioning and questing this journey,

[00:48:00]so you can see how the all those pieces [00:48:06]And really, most importantly, perhaps [00:48:11]And HOW, exactly, does that work? [00:48:14]So if the reason why you study [00:48:19]you to make good decisions,

[00:48:23]And more importantly, perhaps: [00:48:28]help you to get there, to make good decisions? [00:48:30]so: What's the relationship between philosophical inquiry [00:48:37]That's what we're going to cover next. [00:48:39]What philosophy

[00:48:42]And so here we'll go. [00:48:44]And I got to do this. For [00:48:48]my kids [00:48:49]and I doing the group. [00:48:52]Follow up

[00:48:54]you need to get more limber [00:49:01]you know wide wide stands. [00:49:05]Okay. [00:49:07]Okay. [00:49:08]Man, that man's almost up the ground back

[00:49:11]behind you. [00:49:19]I did actually practice this. [00:49:22]I'm thinking serious. [00:49:23]And we all this made my entire week. [00:51:19]All right,

[00:51:23]right. [00:51:28]Well. [00:51:29]Philosophy is a mode of discourse [00:51:30]for the sake of training, [00:51:32]Is that part of you that makes decision?

[00:51:34]So why do we study philosophy [00:51:36]in order to help us make better decisions, [00:51:40]That's the goal of this class, [00:51:42]So we're trying to think about [00:51:45]whenever you're making any decision,

[00:51:49]First step of making any decision [00:51:54]What are your options? Right? [00:51:57]Stay in bed. That's an option. [00:51:59]Or I could get out of bed. [00:52:00]That's another option, right?

[00:52:03]So in order to make a decision, we kind of [00:52:09]If you wish to reach a good decision [00:52:10]on any topic, my boy, [00:52:14]You must first [00:52:17]Otherwise you're bound to miss your target

[00:52:20]Right? [00:52:20]So you've got this possible action [00:52:24]Stay in bed. [00:52:25]This possible action. [00:52:28]Any given moment, you got a lot of

[00:52:31]Here are all the possible actions [00:52:34]Right? [00:52:34]I could keep going with this. [00:52:36]Or I could stop and tell a Dad joke. [00:52:38]Just to give an example, what side of a

[00:52:42]outside? [00:52:44]I know. Know that that joke was like milk. [00:52:47]You know, it was. [00:52:49]Milk is good, but it could be butter. [00:52:52]Okay, so we've got

[00:52:55]And then on the outside we've got actions. [00:52:57]How many do you have at any given moment? [00:53:00]How many possible actions [00:53:03]Lot. Right. [00:53:04]I mean, pretty close

[00:53:07]I mean a whole lot [00:53:10]is this other philosopher [00:53:13]He said, At every given moment we have [00:53:17]all these different possibilities, [00:53:19]almost infinite number of possibilities,

[00:53:23]But there's one possibility that is always [00:53:27]It's never not there. [00:53:28]It's always there at every moment [00:53:31]where you think that one possibility [00:53:34]moment, that

[00:53:40]death is always [00:53:41]a possibility, yada, yada, yada. [00:53:45]I will go over this one. [00:53:48]So chapter four is about. [00:53:49]But death defines death as the.

[00:53:53]The. Utmost possibility of absolute [00:53:58]impossibility is a fancy, pretentious way [00:54:04]Death is the end of all possibilities. [00:54:06]As the thesis statement of Chapter [00:54:09]with a meaning for reflection

[00:54:13]Like I said, the Katha Upanishad, [00:54:16]is a discourse between a dialog between [00:54:22]The teacher. Right? [00:54:23]Why would somebody say that? [00:54:24]only begins with a meaningful reflection

[00:54:27]What's the relationship [00:54:32]You're going to die. How? What does that [00:54:34]We're all going to die anyway. [00:54:36]Health or goal [00:54:40]Say more. How? Mm hmm.

[00:54:42]And then So you use the time that you have [00:54:45]To maybe make different kind of decisions. [00:54:48]Oh, I've wasted my life. [00:54:49]It's right to say, [00:54:52]or I'm going to call dad

[00:54:54]So I'm going to make decisions. [00:54:55]And because that is [00:54:59]when that person's dead, you have no more [00:55:03]Right? And then you look around, you're [00:55:05]We're not dead yet.

[00:55:07]That person isn't dead yet. [00:55:08]I'm not dead yet. [00:55:09]So then I have these possible so it kind [00:55:15]makes them more clear. [00:55:16]Right.

[00:55:17]So then death is the utmost possibility [00:55:22]which then helps us to realize, [00:55:24]I'm not dead. [00:55:26]Well, nothing. [00:55:26]Therefore,

[00:55:30]We're not dead yet, guys. [00:55:31]And when I'm dead, [00:55:33]But until I am, [00:55:36]I'm not quite dead, sir. [00:55:40]So when you're making a decision, right.

[00:55:43]First thing is to kind of figure out [00:55:47]So what are our options. [00:55:49]To think about? [00:55:50]And sometimes we don't think [00:55:52]And we think about them later on like,

[00:55:55]That would have been [00:55:57]If I had a thought about that at the time. [00:55:59]We don't always think [00:56:02]I'd do that constantly after class. [00:56:04]It's like obsess over class

[00:56:06]And then I think about it, [00:56:09]Right. That would have been way better. [00:56:12]But most of the time, [00:56:13]what's our most sort of immediate way [00:56:17]You mentioned it earlier.

[00:56:18]What what causes us [00:56:23]Yeah. [00:56:23]Emotions and emotions, [00:56:27]we want to do, how we feel at the time. [00:56:29]Right.

[00:56:30]Also states of mind on the outside ring. [00:56:32]So on this outside brain, [00:56:35]Let's say if I am angry right? [00:56:38]Anger is a motion. [00:56:40]If I'm angry, there's going to be

[00:56:43]When you're angry looking really angry, [00:56:46]that they might be possible to do [00:56:50]But when you are angry, [00:56:53]Yeah, when you're angry, [00:56:56]it's possible, but when you're

[00:57:00]So if you were to, like, chill out, [00:57:04]Are there possibilities that you can't do [00:57:07]that you can do when you're angry? [00:57:08]Yeah, Believe me, there are. [00:57:10]Sometimes you need to be angry.

[00:57:12]Chase this guy out of [00:57:14]it. Anyway, it doesn't matter. [00:57:16]Sometimes you need to, like, [00:57:20]And there's some things that [00:57:23]And there's definitely some things

[00:57:27]So if you're angry, certain [00:57:31]and certain are not. [00:57:32]When you're chilled there, there's certain [00:57:33]possibilities that aren't open to you [00:57:37]What about states of mind?

[00:57:40]What about sadness? When you're sad, [00:57:43]there are certain things that you do [00:57:47]Oh, well, sadness. [00:57:48]Sadness, Not. [00:57:49]Decisions that you make

[00:57:53]I shouldn't have done that. [00:57:56]But I did it because I was very sad. [00:57:59]I was sad. [00:58:01]I was lonely. [00:58:02]Yeah. I mean, that happens.

[00:58:03]Everybody, right? Happy. [00:58:05]Some things that you can't do [00:58:08]I mean, I'm so happy. I'm so happy. [00:58:11]And some things you can do [00:58:16]So I'll also put states of mind here.

[00:58:19]What are different [00:58:20]states of mind when I say states of mind, [00:58:24]Can we list some states of mind [00:58:28]at the moment? [00:58:28]So, I mean, I want to draw

[00:58:30]a little bit of a distinction [00:58:33]They're really similar right? [00:58:35]That's why I put them on the same ring. [00:58:38]They're on the same ring. [00:58:39]So whenever I say systematic philosophy,

[00:58:43]lecture, chapter one, launching [00:58:48]Systematic [00:58:51]systematic philosophy [00:58:56]And so we're on the outside [00:59:00]So emotions and states of mind

[00:59:04]Why are they on the outside? [00:59:05]Because outside of the circle, [00:59:09]or outside all these circles are all these [00:59:13]Philosophy as a mode of discourse [00:59:15]The intellect, intellect is that

[00:59:18]In order to make better decisions, we've [00:59:21]that one can take and why we take those [00:59:26]Understanding the role [00:59:29]So emotions have an impact [00:59:32]and the actions that we take, right?

[00:59:35]So two states of mind. [00:59:36]So what do we mean by states of mind? [00:59:38]The brain's like. [00:59:43]I am just confused. [00:59:45]I'm totally confused.

[00:59:49]I am confused, [00:59:53]am confused. [00:59:55]Good, good. [00:59:56]And confusion is a part of life [01:00:01]States of mind

[01:00:05]but it's also not altogether, [01:00:09]But if you are in a [01:00:12]altered state of mind, [01:00:16]can have a big impact on how we think [01:00:20]So we should include like exhaustion

[01:00:24]being tired, being, you know, sleepy. [01:00:28]That can have a big impact [01:00:30]and how we think [01:00:34]whether we're alerts and in a state [01:00:38]Right.

[01:00:39]That hyper, hyper vigilant state of mind [01:00:41]that can have an impact [01:00:44]We must remain vigilant. [01:00:46]The various states of mind, like vigilance [01:00:50]reflective state in mind.

[01:00:52]Everything I read. [01:00:53]About or being in a state of dream, Right? [01:00:56]So then when we're dreaming, [01:01:00]or we don't take any actions at all [01:01:04]has an impact on the decisions

[01:01:07]I've been worried [01:01:12]Could be different names for [01:01:13]these kind of things [01:01:17]some connection with each other [01:01:20]firm of lines between them

[01:01:24]So let's keep these categories vague. [01:01:26]Can we can we start over? [01:01:32]They are. [01:01:34]Outside in. [01:01:35]There's a lot that goes into a decision,

[01:01:38]to take at any given moment, particularly [01:01:42]Like what major should I choose for my [01:01:47]or what career should I [01:01:49]or should I take that job, [01:01:51]So many major decisions

[01:01:54]And so then it's like, [01:01:57]Should I take this job? Should I [01:02:00]let live on a farm? [01:02:02]What should I do? [01:02:02]Should I get married and I get married

[01:02:05]All these different actions [01:02:07]the different thought processes [01:02:11]Is this good for the company? [01:02:12]So at the center of this is a particular [01:02:18]You could think about it

[01:02:21]the study of being, what does it mean [01:02:26]what's the meaning of existence, [01:02:29]What is the word to be mean? [01:02:31]What does it mean [01:02:34]Like you could say,

[01:02:36]Well, it's you know, it exists as an idea, [01:02:41]as a particular history. Does money exist? [01:02:43]I mean, does God exist. [01:02:45]Or the Santa Clause exist? [01:02:47]He didn't exist. What does that mean?

[01:02:50]Different ways [01:02:51]to think about the nature of existence, [01:02:55]The limit does not exist. [01:02:57]So at the center [01:02:59]Check what David. Mean.

[01:03:01]And don't worry [01:03:04]We'll come back to it later. Right? [01:03:06]We're just kind of getting [01:03:08]into one diagram, one image, [01:03:12]and dive into the details of each one

[01:03:16]So right now I'm going to put ontology [01:03:20]Do you feel it's on a logical being? [01:03:22]Do you feel it? What [01:03:26]so ontology the study of being now [01:03:29]a little bit outside of

[01:03:32]We'll keep coming back to these things [01:03:35]on the next sort of ring of the circle. [01:03:37]So let's put epistemology. [01:03:39]It's an epistemological nightmare. [01:03:41]So epistemology is the study of knowledge.

[01:03:44]The study of what we know, right? [01:03:46]So thinking about [01:03:49]and what do we know and what's fact [01:03:52]what's opinion [01:03:55]So epistemology,

[01:03:57]you know, questioning our understanding [01:04:01]do I have all that information. [01:04:02]We don't know enough yet. [01:04:04]So you can see, [01:04:08]if you have some information,

[01:04:11]If you have more information, [01:04:12]you may make a different decision, [01:04:14]or you may feel more confident [01:04:16]that you originally planned to make. [01:04:17]So what we know, in

[01:04:21]And it's not just what we know, [01:04:24]How do we know? [01:04:25]So thinking [01:04:29]And that's epistemology. [01:04:31]It's the study of knowledge,

[01:04:35]but the study of what we know and how. [01:04:38]If we have more information [01:04:40]what we know in a different way, [01:04:41]then it changes how you know what actions [01:04:46]How can we be strong?

[01:04:47]All right. [01:04:48]So epistemology is on the in the string, [01:04:51]too is the philosophy of language. [01:04:54]So other words, the words that we use [01:04:58]that we take and the words that we use,

[01:05:01]So epistemology also has to do [01:05:06]And, you know, words matter. [01:05:08]The words that we use and the way that [01:05:12]Matters how we define gender matters, [01:05:16]It matters how we find a lot of things.

[01:05:19]So I may be lots of examples, [01:05:24]So if we think about these things together [01:05:27]particular words like Father, right, [01:05:32]to study of being, so then we ask, Well, [01:05:36]Right?

[01:05:37]So in terms of epistemology, [01:05:41]there's a, you know, the meaning of words [01:05:45]Right. [01:05:46]Can have an impact on how we understand. [01:05:47]What does it mean to be a father.

[01:05:49]Now, one [01:05:53]ejaculation, right? [01:05:55]Sperm exits, man, and enters an egg. [01:06:00]All of a sudden [01:06:02]So fathering have some fathering

[01:06:07]exchange of bodily fluids [01:06:11]Right. And then, boom, I am your father. [01:06:15]You've got a father. [01:06:15]So on one hand, we could define father [01:06:20]And then in that sense, the person may

[01:06:24]Well, they probably won't know [01:06:25]that they're a father at that moment, [01:06:28]Right. [01:06:28]Different kinds of fathers. [01:06:29]He's not my father.

[01:06:31]But nevertheless, [01:06:32]they are a father from that one definition [01:06:36]Yeah, biological sense. [01:06:39]But then we also think about fathering [01:06:43]a father

[01:06:46]Right. [01:06:46]So if somebody a father is [01:06:50]father or somebody who, [01:06:54]or somebody who teaches their kid [01:06:57]or somebody who teaches their children

[01:07:00]who teaches their children how to read, [01:07:04]Right. [01:07:04]So fathering has a lot to do with teaching [01:07:07]and comforting and providing [01:07:10]Right.

[01:07:11]That you may [01:07:15]to that child, [01:07:18]if you are taking actions [01:07:20]with that understanding of [01:07:23]So we can see already that the study of

[01:07:27]is always going to be mixed up [01:07:31]that we use and how we understand [01:07:35]So ontology. [01:07:39]So another point of this [01:07:43]can have how we understand

[01:07:47]in the actions that we take. [01:07:49]Likewise, a bit [01:07:52]can have a big impact on the actions [01:07:56]that we choose or the actions [01:08:00]All right,

[01:08:03]the horse of desire [01:08:06]So on. [01:08:07]This next circle will put logic [01:08:11]So logic and desire. [01:08:13]And sometimes they may be in harmony

[01:08:17]and sometimes they may be in discord [01:08:19]And so the actions that we take depend on [01:08:22]we're following the horse of logic [01:08:27]So logic and desire have a lot to say [01:08:30]about what particular action

[01:08:33]And so philosophy is about helping us [01:08:38]and understand that [01:08:42]so that we make decisions right [01:08:45]for the sake of training the intellect, [01:08:48]based on logic and desire,

[01:08:52]Sweet Cherry [01:08:55]The next part of the circle, [01:08:58]what are known [01:09:03]So the first principles of philosophy, [01:09:07]But the first principles of philosophy

[01:09:10]questions the three [01:09:13]enormous branches of [01:09:14]philosophy, centrally important, [01:09:17]But really these three questions, [01:09:21]these three first principle,

[01:09:23]You can't really put one on top [01:09:25]In fact, you can't really answer [01:09:27]one of these questions [01:09:31]You can't answer one [01:09:33]So these first principles of philosophy

[01:09:38]You can't have one without the other. [01:09:40]So what are these three? [01:09:41]Well, the three basically boil down [01:09:46]Where am I and why am I here? [01:09:50]Those are the three questions that drive

[01:09:53]Who am I? [01:09:54]Who am I? [01:09:56]Where am I? [01:09:57]Oh, man. Where are we, Rick? [01:09:58]And why am I here?

[01:10:00]Why are we here now? [01:10:02]In philosophical terms, [01:10:06]anthropology or the study of [01:10:10]What does it mean to be a human person? [01:10:13]Philosophy of human person,

[01:10:16]What does it mean to be a person, right? [01:10:17]What does it mean to be human? [01:10:21]Who am I? [01:10:24]So we'll call this anthropology [01:10:26]the study of anthropology.

[01:10:29]So the logic of anthropology. [01:10:31]Anthropology, just my means. Human person. [01:10:34]So what does it mean to be human? [01:10:35]The study of what it means to be human. [01:10:38]But then there's that other question.

[01:10:39]What is this world around me? [01:10:40]Right as we're going through our stages [01:10:44]like Freud's stages [01:10:48]Well enmeshed in what Freud would call [01:10:51]Development.

[01:10:52]And part of this [01:10:55]Ought to be Piaget, sensory motor state. [01:10:57]And part of this is discovering, [01:11:02]So understanding who I am [01:11:03]is to also understand,

[01:11:07]I can possess it, [01:11:10]But it's not a part of who I am. It's [01:11:13]It's something in the world. [01:11:14]So the thing that's in the world, it's [01:11:18]So the this branch of philosophy

[01:11:22]And the study of the cosmos, the study. [01:11:24]So they include, you know, environmental [01:11:27]thinking about what does it mean, [01:11:30]what is the world that we live in [01:11:33]You can also put physics in here, right?

[01:11:35]The study in astrophysics and biology, [01:11:39]Study of the world around us. [01:11:42]What is this world? [01:11:43]So the question of the study of the world [01:11:47]cosmology means.

[01:11:48]The study of the cosmos, [01:11:52]So cosmology, the study of the cosmos. [01:11:56]Right. So who am I? [01:11:58]Where am I next? [01:11:59]Is why am I here? Why are we here? Right.

[01:12:03]What's the meaning of [01:12:05]What is what does it mean? [01:12:07]What's the [01:12:10]So these sort of big existential questions [01:12:16]Existential crisis stuff.

[01:12:19]So anthropology, the study [01:12:23]the study of the world [01:12:26]what is the meaning [01:12:28]What does it mean to be? Why am I here? [01:12:32]They are existential.

[01:12:34]You can't answer any of these questions [01:12:37]So we really need to think systematically [01:12:41]But the first principles of philosophy [01:12:46]Where am I? Why am I here? [01:12:47]Cosmology, anthropology

[01:12:51]Is it over? Yet? [01:12:53]There's this other philosopher known [01:12:57]And Paul writes at one point [01:13:02]I do the very thing [01:13:04]So sometimes we reason like, okay,

[01:13:08]I have this desire to do this. [01:13:10]I reason that this is the good thing. [01:13:12]You know, the right thing to do here. [01:13:14]Right? So I want to do this. [01:13:17]I know that it's a good thing,

[01:13:20]I understand myself in this way. [01:13:22]I understand that this is my [01:13:26]Right here [01:13:28]And yeah, so we do something else. [01:13:30]We do the other thing, right?

[01:13:32]So what causes us [01:13:36]No, the good thing is reason through it [01:13:39]still take an action that's contrary [01:13:45]And the answer to that question, [01:13:49]We already talked about this calm.

[01:13:51]Contemplative right being making decisions [01:13:55]Some people might say, Right, [01:13:57]but then sometimes our emotions [01:14:00]You could say, or we get angry, [01:14:05]we get depressed

[01:14:09]sort of emotional states of mind [01:14:13]they definitely have an enormous impact on [01:14:16]what what decisions we make. [01:14:18]But there's also a lot of things [01:14:21]that we can't quite

[01:14:24]philosophical concepts and topics that [01:14:29]If I were super cool, then one of the ways [01:14:32]so much better is to make it 3D, right? [01:14:35]So that it's not just like a circle [01:14:39]The core of philosophy

[01:14:42]these different possibilities of ontology [01:14:46]by epistemology and language [01:14:50]but that they're a bit outside of the, [01:14:54]of being or what it means to be [01:14:59]No esthetic beauty whatsoever.

[01:15:00]By esthetics, [01:15:03]a sense of wonder, [01:15:07]So beauty doesn't just mean [01:15:11]beautiful music which shapes our emotions [01:15:17]Tree beauty, romance, love

[01:15:22]using what we stay alive for. [01:15:24]The esthetic beauty of nature [01:15:28]of how things fit together. We're at [01:15:31]peace out.